TPDB

3D PDB MODEL

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TPDB ID TPDB72744

Activity

Neurotoxin

Activity_category_statistics

Toxicity and safety peptides

Database_Source

NTxPred2

Sequence_Type

standard

Has_Modification No

Description A 14-aa standard natural neurotoxin peptide sequence curated from NTxPred2, with an available 3D structural model.

Sequence

INWKKLGKALNALL

FASTA

>TPDB72744|Neurotoxin|length=14
INWKKLGKALNALL

Formula C75H128N20O17

Absent Amino Acids RDCEQHMFPSTYV

Common Amino Acids L

Mass 1581.96

PI 10.84

Basic Residues 3

Acidic Residues 0

Hydrophobic Residues 8

Net Charge +3

Boman Index -0.92

Hydrophobicity 0.236

Aliphatic Index 153.57

Half Life

Mammalian: 20 hour Yeast: 30 min E.coli: >10 hour

Extinction Coefficient Cystines 5500

Absorbance 280nm 347.67

Polar Residues 2

number

2

A

0

R

2

N

0

D

0

C

0

E

0

Q

1

G

0

H

1

I

4

L

3

K

0

M

0

F

0

P

0

S

0

T

1

W

0

Y

0

V

Amino Acid Distribution

A: 2 R: 0 N: 2 D: 0 C: 0 E: 0 Q: 0 G: 1 H: 0 I: 1 L: 4 K: 3 M: 0 F: 0 P: 0 S: 0 T: 0 W: 1 Y: 0 V: 0

Length

14

Formula

C75H128N20O17

Mass

1581.96

PI

10.84

Net Charge

+3

Boman Index

-0.92

Hydrophobicity

0.236

Evidence 1 Activity

Activity

Detail Source Activity Neurotoxin

Function Text

FUNCTION: Toxin active in modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission (PubMed:15621014, PubMed:28621878). Increases GABA release and inhibits GABA uptake in synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex (PubMed:28621878). May acts on GABA transporters, since its action on GABA uptake and GABA release is not altered by the presence of calcium, sodium and potassium channel blockers (PubMed:28621878). May also modulate GABA(A) receptors, since it significantly decreases GABA-binding in synaptic membranes from rat brain cortex (PubMed:28621878). In addition, decreases SLC6A1- and SLC6A11-mediated GABA uptake in transfected COS-7 cells, in uncompetitive and mixed inhibition modes, respectively (PubMed:28621878). It is noteworthy that the inhibition of GABA uptake could be an indirect result of an increased GABA release (PubMed:28621878). In vivo, microinjections of this toxin into the nigral area of rodents brains attenuates panic attack-like responses elicited by GABAergic disinhibition in the dorsal midbrain with intramesencephalic administration of bicuculline (PubMed:15621014). Based on these results, authors suggest that this toxin may be acting as an agonist of GABA(A) receptors in the ventral mesencephalon (PubMed:15621014). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15621014, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28621878}.

Target

Target or Channel voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv)

Source & Reference

Database Source NA

Source UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Tox-Prot

Other

Organism Source Agelaia vicina (Wasp)

Neurotoxin Type Neurotoxin Postsynaptic neurotoxin Ion channel impairing toxin

Mechanism

Toxin active in modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission (PubMed:15621014, PubMed:28621878). Increases GABA release and inhibits GABA uptake in synaptosomes from rat cerebral cortex (PubMed:28621878).

Protein Name Agelaiatoxin-8 (AVTx8)

Venom Taxon Group insect

Protein Family MCD family, Mastoparan subfamily

Protein Existence Evidence at protein level

Keywords Direct protein sequencing Ion channel impairing toxin Neurotoxin Postsynaptic neurotoxin Secreted Toxin

Tissue Specificity TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:28621878}.

Keywords

Direct protein sequencing Ion channel impairing toxin Neurotoxin Postsynaptic neurotoxin Secreted Toxin

Neurotoxin_Type

Neurotoxin Postsynaptic neurotoxin Ion channel impairing toxin

Protein_Existence

Evidence at protein level

Protein_Family

MCD family, Mastoparan subfamily

Protein_Name

Agelaiatoxin-8 (AVTx8)

Tissue_Specificity

TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:28621878}.

Venom_Taxon_Group

insect