Evidence 1
Activity
Activity
Neurotoxin
FUNCTION: Inhibits Kv2.1/KCNB1 and Kv4.2/KCND2 voltage-gated potassium channels. Acts as a gating modifier by shifting channel openings to more depolarized voltages and acts via the occupancy of multiple binding sites on the channel. The toxin binding sites are situated on the S3-S4 extracellular linker of the channel. At least two hanatoxin molecules can occupy the Kv2.1/KCNB1 channel, and maybe more (three or four). Can also inhibit calcium channels (Cav2.1/CACNA1A). Needs to partition into the membrane in order to bind to the channel. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17101164, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9136774, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9136775, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9671721}.
Target
voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv)
voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav)
Source & Reference
NA
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Tox-Prot
Other
Grammostola rosea (Chilean rose tarantula) (Grammostola spatulata)
Neurotoxin
Calcium channel impairing toxin
Ion channel impairing toxin
Potassium channel impairing toxin
Voltage-gated calcium channel impairing toxin
Voltage-gated potassium channel impairing toxin
Inhibits Kv2.1/KCNB1 and Kv4.2/KCND2 voltage-gated potassium channels. Acts as a gating modifier by shifting channel openings to more depolarized voltages and acts via the occupancy of multiple binding sites on the channel.
Kappa-theraphotoxin-Gr1a (Kappa-TRTX-Gr1a) (Hanatoxin-1) (HaTx1)
spider
Neurotoxin 10 (Hwtx-1) family, 09 (HaTx) subfamily
Evidence at protein level
3D-structure
Calcium channel impairing toxin
Direct protein sequencing
Disulfide bond
Ion channel impairing toxin
Knottin
Neurotoxin
Potassium channel impairing toxin
Secreted
Signal
Toxin
Voltage-gated calcium channel impairing toxin
Voltage-gated potassium channel impairing toxin
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed by the venom gland. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:7576642}.